The ball valve operates by rotating the ball 90 degrees using a handle or actuator, which changes the alignment of the hole or passage. When the hole aligns with the inlet and outlet ports, the valve is open, allowing the fluid or gas to flow through. When the hole is perpendicular to the ports, the valve is closed, stopping the flow. High pressure industrial ball valves are specifically designed to withstand and regulate the flow of fluids or gases under high pressure conditions, typically ranging from a few hundred to several thousand pounds per square inch (psi). These valves are constructed using robust materials such as stainless steel, carbon steel, or other alloys that can handle the high pressures without leaking or failing.